Nickel alloys
Selection guide to the 13 nickel alloys in the Dustre portfolio
Nickel alloys are divided by function. Pure nickel and Ni-Cu (200, 400, K500) serve alkalis, HF and seawater. Ni-Cr-Fe and Fe-Ni-Cr (600, 601, 800HT) serve oxidation and creep at high temperature. Ni-Fe-Cr-Mo-Cu, Ni-Cr-Mo and Ni-Mo (825, 625, C4, C22, C276, B2) serve aqueous corrosion by acids and chlorides. The 718 superalloy is chosen for mechanical strength. The tables below summarize the base composition and the standard minimums of each alloy; the full values are in each material's data sheet.
Designations and equivalents
| System | Designation |
|---|---|
| UNS | N02200, N04400, N05500, N06600, N06601, N06625, N07718, N08811, N08825, N06455, N06022, N10276, N10665 |
| W.Nr./EN | 2.4066, 2.4360, 2.4375, 2.4816, 2.4851, 2.4856, 2.4668, 1.4959, 2.4858, 2.4610, 2.4602, 2.4819, 2.4617 |
| Trade names | Inconel, Incoloy and Monel (Special Metals); Hastelloy (Haynes); Nicrofer/Nimofer/Nicorros (VDM) |
| Others | Trade names are registered trademarks; buy by UNS and ASTM standard |
Standards by product form
| Form | Standard |
|---|---|
| Bar | ASTM B160 (200), B164 (400), B865 (K500), B166 (600/601), B446 (625), B637 (718), B408 (800HT), B425 (825), B574 (C4/C22/C276), B335 (B2) |
| Forging | ASTM B564 (200, 400, 600, 625, 800HT, 825, C22, C276, B2); 718: B637/AMS 5663/API 6A718; K500: B865 |
| Plate | ASTM B162, B127, B168, B443, B670, B409, B424, B575, B333 |
| Tube | ASTM B161, B165, B167, B444, B407, B423, B622, B163 (exchanger) |
Tolerances and HS codes
- Forged bars (round and square): machining allowance from 2 mm (Ø 6–16 mm) to 24 mm (Ø 400–500 mm) on the diameter. E.g. Ø 100–125 mm finished: +7 mm, tolerance +6 / −0 (length up to 3,500 mm).
- Forged discs: allowance of 4 to 9 mm on the diameter and 3 to 11 mm on the height, plus-only tolerance.
- Cutting and machining: band saw −0 / +5 to +15 mm on length; waterjet +10 % of thickness on the diameter (min. 2 mm); machined parts −0 / +2 to +5 mm on the diameter. See the full tables (INF 002 and INF 003, the same for every alloy).
| Form | NCM (Brazil, 8 digits) | HS (international, 6 digits) | HTS (USA, 10 digits)* | CN (European Union, 8 digits)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forged bar | 7505.12.10 | 7505.12 | 7505.12.3000 | 7505 12 00 |
| Hot-rolled bar | 7505.12.10 | 7505.12 | 7505.12.3000 | 7505 12 00 |
| Plate (> 10 mm, width ≥ 600 mm) | 7506.20.00 | 7506.20 | 7506.20.3000 | 7506 20 00 |
| Seamless pipe | 7507.12.00 | 7507.12 | 7507.12.0000 | 7507 12 00 |
| Welded pipe | 7507.12.00 | 7507.12 | 7507.12.0000 | 7507 12 00 |
| Flange and fitting | 7507.20.00 | 7507.20 | 7507.20.0000 | 7507 20 00 |
Tariff class: nickel alloy (by chemical composition, under the Chapter 72 Notes and Section XV Note 5).
*: US and EU codes for reference. NCM per current legislation (General Rules of Interpretation, Notes to Chapters 72, 74 and 75 and Section XV Note 5). Confirm the final code with your customs broker according to the item size and finish. HS = first 6 digits of the NCM.
Chemical composition (%)
Summarized base composition (main elements, % by mass; full ranges in each alloy's data sheet)
| Element | Range (%) |
|---|---|
| Nickel 200 | Ni ≥ 99.0 |
| Monel 400 | Ni ≥ 63 · Cu 28 – 34 |
| Monel K500 | Ni ≥ 63 · Cu 27 – 33 · Al 2.3 – 3.15 · Ti 0.35 – 0.85 |
| Inconel 600 | Ni ≥ 72 · Cr 14 – 17 · Fe 6 – 10 |
| Inconel 601 | Ni 58 – 63 · Cr 21 – 25 · Al 1.0 – 1.7 · Fe balance |
| Incoloy 800HT | Fe ≥ 39.5 · Ni 30 – 35 · Cr 19 – 23 · Al+Ti 0.85 – 1.20 |
| Incoloy 825 | Ni 38 – 46 · Fe ≥ 22 · Cr 19.5 – 23.5 · Mo 2.5 – 3.5 · Cu 1.5 – 3.0 |
| Inconel 625 | Ni ≥ 58 · Cr 20 – 23 · Mo 8 – 10 · Nb 3.15 – 4.15 |
| Inconel 718 | Ni 50 – 55 · Cr 17 – 21 · Fe balance · Nb 4.75 – 5.5 · Mo 2.8 – 3.3 |
| Hastelloy C-4 | Ni balance · Cr 14 – 18 · Mo 14 – 17 · Ti ≤ 0.7 |
| Hastelloy C-22 | Ni balance · Cr 20 – 22.5 · Mo 12.5 – 14.5 · W 2.5 – 3.5 |
| Hastelloy C-276 | Ni balance · Mo 15 – 17 · Cr 14.5 – 16.5 · W 3 – 4.5 · Fe 4 – 7 |
| Hastelloy B-2 | Ni balance · Mo 26 – 30 · Cr ≤ 1 |
Calculate the PREN of Nickel alloys – comparative overview in the PREN calculator →
Mechanical properties
Standard minimums (YS 0.2% / UTS / elongation). Annealed or solution-annealed condition, except 718 and K500 (aged)
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Nickel 200 (B564) | ≥ 105 / ≥ 380 MPa / ≥ 40% |
| Monel 400 (B564) | ≥ 172 / ≥ 483 MPa / ≥ 35% |
| Monel K500 aged (B865) | ≥ 690 / ≥ 965 MPa / ≥ 20% |
| Inconel 600 (B564) | ≥ 241 / ≥ 552 MPa / ≥ 30% |
| Inconel 601 (B166) | ≥ 205 / ≥ 550 MPa / ≥ 30% |
| Incoloy 800HT (B564) | ≥ 172 / ≥ 448 MPa / ≥ 30% |
| Incoloy 825 (B564) | ≥ 241 / ≥ 586 MPa / ≥ 30% |
| Inconel 625 Gr.1 ≤ 102 mm (B564) | ≥ 414 / ≥ 827 MPa / ≥ 30% |
| Inconel 718 aged (AMS 5663) | ≥ 1,034 / ≥ 1,276 MPa / ≥ 12% |
| Hastelloy C-4 (B574) | ≥ 276 / ≥ 690 MPa / ≥ 40% |
| Hastelloy C-22 (B564) | ≥ 310 / ≥ 690 MPa / ≥ 45% |
| Hastelloy C-276 (B564) | ≥ 283 / ≥ 690 MPa / ≥ 40% |
| Hastelloy B-2 (B564) | ≥ 350 / ≥ 760 MPa / ≥ 40% |
Typical physical properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 7.94 (800HT) to 9.22 g/cm³ (B-2) |
| Melting range | ≈ 1,260 (718) to 1,446 °C (Ni 200) |
| Modulus of elasticity | ≈ 179 (Monel) to 217 GPa (B-2) |
| Thermal conductivity (20 °C) | ≈ 10 W/m·K (Ni-Cr-Mo) to 70 W/m·K (Ni 200) |
| Thermal expansion (20–100 °C) | ≈ 10.8 (C-4, B-2) to 14.4 µm/m·K (800HT) |
Calculate the weight of Nickel alloys – comparative overview bar, plate or pipe →
Heat treatment, welding and machining
| Item | Usual practice |
|---|---|
| Service temperature | High temperature: 601 (oxidation up to ~1,200 °C), 600 (~1,100 °C), 800HT (creep from 600 to 1,000 °C), 718 (mechanical strength up to ~650 °C). Aqueous corrosion: 825, 625, C4, C22, C276, B2, 400 and 200. Ni 200 is limited to ~315 °C and B2 must avoid 540 – 870 °C. |
| Heat treatment | Most are supplied annealed or solution annealed and do not harden by heat treatment. Only 718 and K500 are precipitation hardenable (aging after solution treatment). 800HT requires solution annealing ≥ 1,149 °C to obtain a coarse grain. |
| Welding | AWS A5.14/A5.11 consumables by alloy: Ni 200 ERNi-1; 400/K500 ERNiCu-7; 600/601/800HT ERNiCr-3; 625/825 ERNiCrMo-3; 718 ERNiFeCr-2; C-4 ERNiCrMo-7; C-22 ERNiCrMo-10; C-276 ERNiCrMo-4; B-2 ERNiMo-7. |
| Machining | All work harden quickly and conduct little heat: use carbide, low speed, constant feed and abundant coolant. Aged 718 and K500 are the most difficult. |
Plan an open-die forging in Nickel alloys – comparative overview: reduction, slenderness and how much material to send →Simulate the cutting plan of the ingot or bar →
Typical applications
- Alkalis and caustic soda: Nickel 200
- Seawater and hydrofluoric acid: Monel 400 and K500
- Furnaces and heat treatment: 600, 601 and 800HT
- Sour oil and gas wells: 825, 625, C276 and 718
- Acids with chlorides, FGD, pulp and paper: C-276, C-22 and C-4
- Pure (reducing) hydrochloric acid: Hastelloy B-2
- Turbines and high-strength fasteners: 718
Alternatives: To choose the alloy: first identify the medium (alkaline, seawater, hot oxidizing, reducing acid, acid with chlorides), then the temperature and only then the required mechanical strength. In aqueous corrosion, super-austenitic stainless (904L, 6Mo) and duplex/super duplex are lower-cost alternatives when the required PREN is ≤ 45.
Compare alloys by corrosive medium, concentration and temperature →
Frequently asked questions
What is the chemical composition of Nickel alloys?
Per Summarized base composition (main elements, % by mass; full ranges in each alloy's data sheet): Nickel 200 Ni ≥ 99.0; Monel 400 Ni ≥ 63 · Cu 28 – 34; Monel K500 Ni ≥ 63 · Cu 27 – 33 · Al 2.3 – 3.15 · Ti 0.35 – 0.85; Inconel 600 Ni ≥ 72 · Cr 14 – 17 · Fe 6 – 10; Inconel 601 Ni 58 – 63 · Cr 21 – 25 · Al 1.0 – 1.7 · Fe balance; Incoloy 800HT Fe ≥ 39.5 · Ni 30 – 35 · Cr 19 – 23 · Al+Ti 0.85 – 1.20.
Which standards cover Nickel alloys?
Bar: ASTM B160 (200), B164 (400), B865 (K500), B166 (600/601), B446 (625), B637 (718), B408 (800HT), B425 (825), B574 (C4/C22/C276), B335 (B2). Forging: ASTM B564 (200, 400, 600, 625, 800HT, 825, C22, C276, B2); 718: B637/AMS 5663/API 6A718; K500: B865. Plate: ASTM B162, B127, B168, B443, B670, B409, B424, B575, B333. Tube: ASTM B161, B165, B167, B444, B407, B423, B622, B163 (exchanger).
Up to what temperature can Nickel alloys be used?
High temperature: 601 (oxidation up to ~1,200 °C), 600 (~1,100 °C), 800HT (creep from 600 to 1,000 °C), 718 (mechanical strength up to ~650 °C). Aqueous corrosion: 825, 625, C4, C22, C276, B2, 400 and 200. Ni 200 is limited to ~315 °C and B2 must avoid 540 – 870 °C.
Which materials can replace Nickel alloys?
To choose the alloy: first identify the medium (alkaline, seawater, hot oxidizing, reducing acid, acid with chlorides), then the temperature and only then the required mechanical strength. In aqueous corrosion, super-austenitic stainless (904L, 6Mo) and duplex/super duplex are lower-cost alternatives when the required PREN is ≤ 45.
Where to buy Nickel alloys in Brazil?
Dustre supplies Nickel alloys as bar, plate, tube, block and forged or machined parts, subject to availability, with a quality certificate. Head office in Osasco/SP, branches in Joinville/SC and Baixo Guandu/ES, delivery across Brazil and export worldwide (export documents and 3.1 certificate; Incoterm agreed in the quote). For a quote, message Helena, our virtual assistant on WhatsApp +55 11 98649-0075, or write to vendas@dustre.com.br.